Serological surveillance of human brucellosis in Ganzhou City， Jiangxi Province from 2018 to 2021 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo describe the serological surveillance results of human brucellosis in Ganzhou City， Jiangxi Province from 2018 to 2021， characterize the epidemic and current situation of brucellosis， and to provide scientific evidence for effective prevention and control of brucellosis. MethodsSurveillance data of human brucellosis serological testing was collected in Ganzhou City from 2018 to 2021. Spatial， temporal， and demographic distribution was further determined. ResultsFrom 2018 to 2021， a total of 42 humans serologically positive for brucellosis were reported from 18 counties （cities and districts） in Ganzhou City， including 26 males and 16 females with a gender ratio of 1.6∶1. The number of serologically positive cases showed a decreasing trend， with the positive rate decreasing from 46.43% in 2018 to 33.33% in 2021. Majority of the cases （54.00%） aged 40‒ years old. Furthermore， the number of serologically positive cases varied by month； majority of the cases （80.95%） was from April to August. Additionally， a total of 10 counties （cities and districts） reported serologically positive cases of brucellosis， among which the top 3 counties （cities and districts） by cumulative number of positive cases were Zhanggong District （18 cases）， Dayu County（5 cases）， and Longnan City（4 cases）. ConclusionSerologically positive cases of human brucellosis decrease in Ganzhou， in which the incidence of male cases is generally higher than female cases. The seasonality of human brucellosis is in spring and summer. At-risk population is 40‒ years old. Additionally， at-risk areas are southwest and central areas of Ganzhou.

Risk factors of short-prognosis after minimally invasive surgery in elderly patients with hypertensive basal ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the short-term prognosis of elderly patients with hypertensive basal ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage after minimally invasive surgery and to analyze the risk factors.Methods:The clinical data of 96 elderly patients with hypertensive basal ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery of Tongling People′s Hospital and Tongling Municipal Hospital from June 2016 to February 2021. According to the difference of prognosis, the patients were divided into good prognosis group( n=34) and poor prognosis group( n=62). The clinical data of the two groups were compared. Such as sex, age, basic disease (years of hypertension, diabetes), GCS score at admission, arterial systolic blood pressure at admission, blood glucose at admission, volume of cerebral parenchyma hemorrhage, whether there was a reexamination of head CT within 1 hour before operation, whether there was intraventricular hemorrhage, postoperative complications (pulmonary infection, intracranial infection, rebleeding), GOS score 1 month after operation.The metrological data of normal distribution were expressed by mean ± standard deviation ( ± s). Independent t test was used for comparison between groups. Chi-square test was used for comparison of counting data. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen independent risk factors for short-term prognosis after minimally invasive surgery. Results:Among the 96 patients, Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in age, diabetes, admission GCS score, arterial systolic blood pressure (SBP), blood glucose at admission, head CT within 1 hour before operation, intraventricular hemorrhage, timing of operation and number of postoperative complications between the two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age >75 years old( OR=4.358, 95% CI: 1.209-15.710), diabetes mellitus( OR=4.637, 95% CI: 1.793-11.990), admission GCS score≤ 8( OR=14.305, 95% CI: 2.694-75.950), blood glucose ≥10.0 mmol/L at admission( OR=3.229, 95% CI: 1.261-8.270), no reexamination of head CT within 1 hour before operation( OR=9.423, 95% CI: 1.827-48.599), intraventricular hemorrhage( OR=12.109, 95% CI: 3.336-43.961), operation time > 7 hours( OR=6.234, 95% CI: 1.986-19.570), the number of postoperative complications ≥ 2( OR=13.461, 95% CI: 3.624-49.999)were independent risk factors for short-term prognosis. Conclusions:Minimally invasive treatment of elderly hypertensive basal ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage can achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes. However, age >75 years old, diabetes, admission GCS score≤ 8, blood glucose ≥10.0 mmol/L at admission, no reexamination of head CT within 1 hour before operation, with intraventricular hemorrhage, operation time > 7 hours, the number of postoperative complications ≥ 2 are independent risk factors affecting short-term prognosis of patients. It is necessary to strengthen the perioperative management of patients, which is of great significance to improve the prognosis.

Analysis on influencing factors of perioperative nosocomial infection in elderly patients with hip fracture under the background of enhance recovery after surgery / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors of perioperative nosocomial infection in elderly patients with hip fracture under the background of enhance recovery after surgery so as to provide guidance for prevention and control of the nosocomial infection.Methods:The clinical data were collected from 1 628 elderly patients with hip fracture who were hospitalized from January 2018 to August 2019,during the implementation of enhance recovery after surgery in Tianjin hospital. Medical records of the patients were reviewed and statistically analyzed through hospital medical record system, the incidence of perioperative nosocomial infection and the influencing factors for the infection were observed.Results:Of the 1 628 hospitalized patients with hip fracture, 102 had nosocomial infection, 125 case-times, with the infection rate 6.27%(102/1 628) and the case-times infection rate 7.68%(125/1 628). Lower respiratory tract, urinary tract and surgical site were the dominant infection sites, accounting for 72.80% (91/125), 11.20% (14/125) and 10.40% (13/125) respectively. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that bone traction( OR value was 2.152, 95% CI 1.130-4.097), surgery ( OR value was 0.268, 95% CI 0.133-0.537), hospitalization days≥15 d( OR value was 12.123, 95% CI 6.017-24.426), indwelling urinary catheter ( OR value was 7.566, 95% CI 4.093-13.986), cardiac insufficiency( OR value was 2.112, 95% CI 1.192-3.740), electrolyte disturbance( OR value was 2.383, 95% CI 1.396-4.067), lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans( OR value was 2.540, 95% CI 1.279-5.045) and senile dementia( OR value was 3.673, 95% CI 1.670-8.082) were the influencing factors for the perioperative nosocomial infection. Conclusions:The main influencing factors of nosocomial infection in elderly patients with hip fracture during the perioperative period were bone traction, operation, length of stay, indwelling urinary catheter and coexisting diseases. The risk of nosocomial infection can be reduced by applying the concept of enhance recovery after surgery in clinical orthopedics, comprehensively optimizing perioperative management and implementing effective prevention and control measures of nosocomial infection.

Acupuncture for premature ovarian insufficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To analyze the effect of acupuncture versus hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Methods: China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang), Chongqing VIP Database (CQVIP), China Biology Medicine Disc (CBM), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) were searched up to January 31st, 2019 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of acupuncture for POI. The primary outcome was the level of basal serum follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH). Secondary outcomes included serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). Two authors extracted data independently and assessed the risk of bias and the methodological quality using the Cochrane's tool. Meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan version 5.3. Results: Eight eligible RCTs with a total of 496 POI patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that there was a significant reduction in the basal serum FSH level (MD=-5.82, 95％CI:-9.76 to -1.87, I2=82％, P=0.004) and a remarkable elevation in the basal E2 level (SMD=0.93, 95％CI: 0.34 to 1.52, I2=88％, P=0.002) in the acupuncture group when compared with the control. Subgroup analysis showed that compared with HRT, a significant decrease in the FSH level was observed in both acupuncture alone (MD=-4.53, 95％CI:-8.96 to -0.10, I2=73％, P=0.04) and acupuncture plus HRT (MD=-9.60, 95％CI:-17.60 to -1.61, I2=50％, P=0.02), while a remarkable elevation of E2 was only found in acupuncture plus HRT (SMD=1.43, 95％CI: 1.03 to 1.82, I2=0％, P<0.00001). There was no significant difference in the LH level between acupuncture and HRT (MD=-3.16, 95％CI:-9.41 to 3.10, I2=0％, P=0.32), only one trial reported AMH, and no significant difference was found between acupuncture and HRT. Conclusion: The present study indicated that acupuncture had an advantage over HRT in reducing serum FSH level and increasing serum E2 level in women with POI. However, evidence supporting the finding is limited due to the small sample size, potential methodological flaws and significant heterogeneity. Hence, this conclusion still needs to be verified by high-quality RCTs.

Porcine circovirus 3 capsid protein induces autophagy in HEK293T cells by inhibiting phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) has been detected in major pig-producing countries around the world since its first report in the US in 2016. Most current studies have focused on epidemiological investigations and detection methods of PCV3 because of lack of live virus strains for research on its pathogenesis in porcine cells or even in pigs. We constructed a recombinant plasmid pCMV-Cap carrying the PCV3 orf2 gene to investigate the effects of capsid (Cap) protein expression on autophagic response in human embryonic kidney cell line 293T (HEK293T). We demonstrate that PCV3 Cap protein induced complete autophagy shown as formation of autophagosomes and autophagosome-like vesicles as well as LC3-II conversion from LC3-I via inhibiting phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in HEK293T cells. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is also involved in the autophagy process. These findings provide insight for further exploration of PCV3 pathogenetic mechanisms in porcine cells.

A rare case of cystadenoma in the small intestine / 北京大学学报(医学版)

In recent years, there have been more and more reports about cystadenoma. Cystadenoma can occur in many parts of the body, and cystadenoma in different parts may show different clinical symptoms, however, some patients with cystadenoma have no symptoms. The vast majority of cystadenomas are benign lesions, but a small number of cystadenomas can be malignant. For example, a small number of ovarian cystadenomas and pancreatic cystadenomas may be malignant. This study reported a patient with small intestinal cystadenoma diagnosed by pathology. The patient's physical examination revealed a lesion in the left upper abdomen. He had only abdominal distension and no other discomfort. His laboratory examination results were basically normal, i.e. blood routine, urine routine, stool routine, liver function, kidney function, myocardial enzyme, tumor marker, etc. The patient underwent sectional small intestine resection and the pathological sample was analyzed. The histological findings of the resected intestinal sample were consistent with cystadenoma. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen was performed 4 months after the surgery. No recurrence of the tumor was found. The patient recovered in good condition. By consulting the literature, I found very few reports of small intestinal cystadenoma before, it was very rare. This article described the clinical manifestation, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of a case of small intestinal cystadenoma, it suggested that cystadenoma can occur in the small intestine, other than the ovary, pancreas, liver, lung, thyroid, prostate, seminal vesicle, skin, etc. The cystadenoma in small intestine is easy to be mistaken with other tumors, such as small intestine stromal tumor, small intestine adenocarcinoma, small intestine lipoma, small intestine hemangiomas, etc., and it is difficult to fully confirm through imaging examinations, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Laparotomy and histopathological examination are necessary before definitive diagnosis. This disease can be treated by small bowel resection at the affected region and good prognosis can be achieved.

Practical stability of whole-genome bisulfite sequencing using plasma cell-free DNA / 生物工程学报

With the development of liquid biopsy technology, plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) becomes one of the research hotspots. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of plasma cell-free DNA has shown great potential medical applications such as cancer detection. However, the practical stability evaluation is still lacking. In this study, plasma cell-free DNA samples from two volunteers at different time were collected and prepared for sequencing in multiple laboratories. The library preparation strategies include pre-bisulfite, post-bisulfite and regular whole-genome sequencing. We established a set of quality control references for plasma cell-free DNA sequencing data and evaluated practical stability of blood collection, DNA extraction, and library preparation and sequencing depth. This work provided a technical practice guide for the application of plasma cfDNA methylation sequencing for clinical applications.

Effects of Yiqi Jiedu prescription drug serum on the apoptosis of human renal cell carcinoma ACHN cells and Notch1 gene / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To observe the effects of Yiqi Jiedu prescription drug serum on the apoptosis of human renal cell carcinoma ACHN cells and Notch1 gene in Notch signal pathway. Methods The healthy SD female rats were selected, which were divided into 4 groups, 8 rats in each group: the rats were fed with the normal saline 10 ml·kg-1·d-1 (the blank serum group); the rats were fed with the Yiqi Jiedu prescription decoctum of 50 g·kg-1·d-1 (the high-concentration of Yiqi Jiedu prescription serum group); the rats were fed with the Yiqi Jiedu prescription decoctum of 25 g·kg -1·d -1 (the medium-concentration of Yiqi Jiedu prescription serum group); the rats were fed with the Yiqi Jiedu prescription decoctum of 12.5 g·kg-1·d-1 (the low-concentration medicated of Yiqi Jiedu prescription serum group); then the serum would be extracted 10 days later in each group. ACHN cells at exponential phase were cultured in the above 4 groups. Theproliferation of ACHN cells in each group was observed by using CCK-8 method. The apoptosis of ACHN cells was detected by using flow cytometry (FCM). The expression levels of Notch1 mRNA of ACHN cells in each groups were detected by using real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The inhibition rates of ACHN cells in the high-concentration group, the medium-concentration group, the low-concentration group of Yiqi Jiedu prescription and the blank serum group 24 h later were (12.34±4.25)％, (7.47±1.40)％, (2.52±0.62)％, (1.05±0.31)％, respectively (F= 15.04, P< 0.01); after 48 h, the inhibition rates were (24.20 ±2.41)％, (14.23 ±1.56)％, (5.08 ±1.34)％, (1.16 ±0.14)％, respectively (F=227.36, P<0.01);after 72 h, the inhibition rates were (32.16±2.45)％, (25.05±3.69)％, (10.29±2.76)％, (1.07± 0.71)％, respectively (F=110.51, P<0.01). The results showed that Yiqi Jiedu prescription drug serum could significantly inhibit the proliferation of ACHN cells in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, the inhibition rate differences at all time points of the high-concentration serum group (F= 31.44, P< 0.01), the medium-concentration serum group (F= 49.61, P< 0.01) and the low-concentration serum group (F= 68.78, P<0.01) were all statistically significant, and they were in a time-dependent manner. The apoptosis rate of cells in the high-concentration group, the medium-concentration group, the low-concentration group of Yiqi Jiedu prescription and the control serum group was (34.5±1.5)％, (24.4±1.5)％and (13.1±0.5)％, (5.2±0.3)％, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (F = 1153.36, P < 0.01). The relative expression level of Notch1 mRNA of cells in the high-concentration group, the medium-concentration group, the low-concentration serum group of Yiqi Jiedu prescription and the control serum group was 0.213 ±0.032, 0.432 ±0.049, 0.781 ±0.018, 1.013 ±0.047, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (F=270.60, P<0.01). Conclusion Yiqi Jiedu prescription drug serum can induce apoptosis of ACHN cells, and its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of the expression level of Notch1 receptors.

Systems pharmacology-based investigation of Sanwei Ganjiang Prescription: related mechanisms in liver injury / 中国天然药物

Liver injury remains a significant global health problem and has a variety of causes, including oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and apoptosis of liver cells. There is currently no curative therapy for this disorder. Sanwei Ganjiang Prescription (SWGJP), derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has shown its effectiveness in long-term liver damage therapy, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. To explore the underlining mechanisms of action for SWGJP in liver injury from a holistic view, in the present study, a systems pharmacology approach was developed, which involved drug target identification and multilevel data integration analysis. Using a comprehensive systems approach, we identified 43 candidate compounds in SWGJP and 408 corresponding potential targets. We further deciphered the mechanisms of SWGJP in treating liver injury, including compound-target network analysis, target-function network analysis, and integrated pathways analysis. We deduced that SWGJP may protect hepatocytes through several functional modules involved in liver injury integrated-pathway, such as Nrf2-dependent anti-oxidative stress module. Notably, systems pharmacology provides an alternative way to investigate the complex action mode of TCM.

Systems pharmacology-based investigation of Sanwei Ganjiang Prescription: related mechanisms in liver injury / 中国天然药物

Liver injury remains a significant global health problem and has a variety of causes, including oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and apoptosis of liver cells. There is currently no curative therapy for this disorder. Sanwei Ganjiang Prescription (SWGJP), derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has shown its effectiveness in long-term liver damage therapy, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. To explore the underlining mechanisms of action for SWGJP in liver injury from a holistic view, in the present study, a systems pharmacology approach was developed, which involved drug target identification and multilevel data integration analysis. Using a comprehensive systems approach, we identified 43 candidate compounds in SWGJP and 408 corresponding potential targets. We further deciphered the mechanisms of SWGJP in treating liver injury, including compound-target network analysis, target-function network analysis, and integrated pathways analysis. We deduced that SWGJP may protect hepatocytes through several functional modules involved in liver injury integrated-pathway, such as Nrf2-dependent anti-oxidative stress module. Notably, systems pharmacology provides an alternative way to investigate the complex action mode of TCM.

Nucleocapsid protein from porcine epidemic diarrhea virus isolates can antagonize interferon-λ production by blocking the nuclear factor-κB nuclear translocation / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly infectious pathogen that can cause severe diseases in pigs and result in enormous economic losses in the worldwide swine industry. Previous studies revealed that PEDV exhibits an obvious capacity for modulating interferon (IFN) signaling or expression. The newly discovered type III IFN, which plays a crucial role in antiviral immunity, has strong antiviral activity against PEDV proliferation in IPEC-J2 cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of PEDV nucleocapsid (N) protein on type III IFN-λ. We found that the N proteins of ten PEDV strains isolated between 2013 and 2017 from different local farms shared high nucleotide identities, while the N protein of the CV777 vaccine strain formed a monophyletic branch in the phylogenetic tree. The N protein of the epidemic strain could antagonize type III IFN, but not type I or type II IFN expression induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) in IPEC-J2 cells. Subsequently, we demonstrated that the inhibition of poly(I:C)-induced IFN-λ3 production by PEDV N protein was dependent on the blocking of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) nuclear translocation. These findings might help increase understanding of the pathogenesis of PEDV and its mechanisms for evading the host immune response.

Purification and characterization of S-adenosyl-L-methionine:uroporphyrinogen Ⅲ methyltransferase from Rhodobacter capsulatus SB1003 / 生物工程学报

Biosynthesis of vitamin B₁₂ (VB₁₂) requires the methylation at positions C-2 and C-7 of the precursor uroporphyrinogen Ⅲ (urogen Ⅲ) to precorrin-2 by S-adenosyl-L-methionine uroporphyrinogen Ⅲ methyltransferase (SUMT), which is a potential bottleneck step. Most of SUMTs are inhibited by urogen Ⅲ and by-product S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH). In order to mine an SUMT that lacks such an inhibitory property to drive greater flux through the VB₁₂ biosynthetic pathway, we cloned two SUMT genes (RCcobA1, RCcobA2) from Rhodobacter capsulatus SB1003 and expressed them in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Thereafter, the two enzymes were purified and their specific activity of 27.3 U/mg, 68.9 U/mg were determined respectively. The latter was 2.4 times higher than PDcobA (27.9 U/mg) from Pseudomonas denitrifican. Additionally, RCcobA2 could tolerate over 70 μmol/L urogen Ⅲ, which has never been reported before. Hence, RCcobA2 can be used as an efficient enzyme to regulate the VB₁₂ metabolic pathway and enhance VB₁₂ production in industrial strains.

Relationship Between Improvement on Antibacterials Use and Lowered Incidence of Drug-induced Hyperthermia / 医药导报

Objective To conduct a retrospective study about drug-induced hyperthermia (DIH) based on DIH data obtained in medical practice,and elucidate the relationship between DIH incidence and antibacterials overuse.Methods To investigate successively the medical records of inpatients from orthopaedics department in Fudan university affiliated Jinshan hospital at two different periods,and data of DIH cases were extracted to perform a comparative study.The period for 229 effective cases of group Ⅰ was from Feb.1 to Apr.30,2011,before significant improvement on antibacterials use.The period for 342 effective cases of group Ⅱ was from Jul.1 to Sep.30,2012,after the effective enforcements of regulation on antibacterials use.Inclusion criteria for DIH were:①an oral temperature ≥37.6 ℃ since postoperative day 4,②no evidence of infection,③a time relationship between fever and the administration of causative drugs:a fever occurring with drug administration and disappearing after drug cessation within 3 days,④no other causes for the fever,⑤oral temperature ≤ 37.6 ℃ until leaving hospital.Exclusion criteria for DIH were listed below:①possible pathological fever,e.g.,in cancer,②hospitalization within 3 days,③no surgery,④severe trauma,for example,visceral or central nervous system injury.Results All causative drugs were for injection.By comparison,duration of antibacterial administration is significantly shorter in group Ⅱ than in group Ⅰ (1.7 ± 1.7 vs.4.6-± 1.8days,P ＜ 0.01),and total DIH incidence and antibacterials related DIH incidence were significantly lower in group Ⅱ than in group Ⅰ (7.3％ vs.30.1％,1.5％ vs.25.3％,both P ＜0.01).Conclusion DIH incidence is related with drug type especially with antibacterials overuse,and changed with drug program.DIH was more serious for injection of antibacterials than injection of traditional Chinese medicine.Decrease of antibacterials usage is positively associated with the decreased DIH incidence.Safe medication should begin from safe usage of antibacterials.

Technological process with cochrane library of reasonability assessment of off-label uses of drugs found in comments on prescription / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: Off-label uses of drugs incur much debate, which is often encountered when doing prescription comment. The reasonability assessment of off-label uses is the key problem and requires solution urgently. This paper attempts to set up a normative evaluation process of off-label uses in routine prescription comment. METHODS: The off-label uses gathered in 2014 prescription comment were used for example. The off-label uses were searched in the Cochrane Library, and the results such as CDSR (Cochrane Database of Systematic Review), DARE (Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness), RCT (Random Clinical Controlled Trial) and CCT (Clinical Controlled Trial) were screened according the criterion and analyzed. RESULTS: Eight Off-label uses were found with prescription comment. The edaravone for head injury, L-ornithine-L-aspartate for rise of hepatic transaminase, progesterone for urinary calculi and levocarnitine for myocardium protection were no evidence found in Cochrane Library, and were treated as irrationality. According to results of CDSR and DARE the edaravone for brain hemorrhage, and levocarnitine for cancer fatigue were not supported, but thymalfasin for cancer were supported. After assessing risk of bias with Cochrane tool, only under special circumstances can alprostadil for pulmonary hypertension (PH) or pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) be evaluated as conformation with evidence-based medicine. CONCLUSION: Assessment of reasonability for Off-label uses according to evaluation process using Cochrane Library can improve medication reasonability and safety, and increase the knowledge and competence of drug administration.

Clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of splenic B-cell marginal zone lymphoma involving bone marrow / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of splenic B-cell marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) involving bone marrow.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical and pathologic features of 22 patients with SMZL were retrospectively studied. Immunophenotypic analysis was carried out by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangement study was performed using polymerase chain reaction-based method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Villous lymphocytes were found in peripheral blood smears of 11/18 of the patients. In bone marrow aspirates, lymphocytosis (> 20%) was demonstrated in 15 cases (15/18) and villous lymphocytes in 6 cases (6/18). Flow cytometry showed CD19(+) CD20(+) FMC7(+) CD22(+) CD10(-) CD2(-) CD3(-) CD7(-) in 18 cases. Bone marrow biopsies of all the 22 patients revealed various degrees and patterns of neoplastic infiltration, as follows: mild (4 cases, 18.2%), moderate (11 cases, 50.0%) or severe (7 cases, 31.8%); intrasinusoidal (16 cases, 72.7%), interstitial (14 cases, 63.6%), nodular (11 cases, 50.0%) or diffuse (1 case, 4.5%). Reactive germinal center formation (CD23(+) bcl-2(-)) was found in 2 cases (91.0%). Immunohistochemical study showed the following results: CD20(+) PAX5(+) CD3(-) CD5(-) CD10(-) cyclin D1(-) CD23(-) CD43(-) Annexin A1(-) CD11C(-) CD25(-) in all the 22 cases, CD38(+) in 2 cases (9.1%) and CD138(+) in 2 cases (9.1%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Different and overlapping patterns of bone marrow involvement are observed in SMZL. As the histologic and immunophenotypic features are not specific to SMZL, distinction from other types of mature B-cell lymphomas is necessary.</p>

Expression of survivin in patients with acute myeloid leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

Objective of this study was to detect the expression of Survivin in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and investigate the relationship of its expression levels with clinical variates and its correlations with BCL-2 ,Bcl-xL and MCL-1. The expression of Survivin, BCL-2, Bcl-xL and MCL-1 were measured by immunohistochemistry in bone marrow biopsy of 63 newly diagnosed AML patients, and the relationship between its expression level and clinical parameters (age, sex, WBC count, diagnosis, prognosis), especially fusion protein AML1/ETO was investigated. The results showed that the expression level of Survivin in newly diagnosed AML patients was higher than that of normal controls (P < 0.01), the expression levels of Survivin did not correlate with age, sex, and WBC counts of patients and so on. There was no significant difference of Survivin expression between different NCCN prognosis groups, either between patients with AML1/ETO or FLT3-ITD mutation and the other patients. Survivin positive patients were got to have lower CR rate but higher relapse rate, however that was not significant in statistics. Indeed, the cumulative survivin rate of Survivin positive patients were lower than that of Survivin negative patients (P = 0.04). Finally, positive correlation between Survivin and MCL-1 was also observed (r = 0.639, P = 0.000). It is concluded that overexpression of Survivin are closely related with occurrence and development of acute leukemia, and may be used as an indicator of prognosis evaluation. In addition, Survivin and MCL-1 may have a relationship of cooperation or interaction.

Establishment of animal model of intestinal motility disorders after severe craniocerebral trauma / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To build model of intestinal motility disorders (IMD) in mice after severe craniocerebral trauma by using modified free fall impact method so as to lay the foundation for further study on development mechanism of postinjury IMD.Methods Severe craniocerebral trauma in mice was induced by a cylindrical sleeve rod impactor.Pathological changes of cerebral and intestinal tissue in mice were observed at 1,6 hours and 1,3,7 days after severe craniocerebral trauma.Brain water content and intestinal propulsion percentage were detected in each time point as well.Results Acute inflammation and congestion of the intestine were observed in phase of cerebral hemorrhage and edema after severe craniocerebral trauma in mice.Brain water content was increased at 6 hours and reached the peak at 24 hours.Intestine propulsion percentage showed a fall at one hour and dropped to the lowest level at 6 hours.Conclusions IMD exists in mice with severe craniocerebral trauma.The device involving modified Feeney free fall impact method can successfully establish animal model of IMD in mice with severe craniocerebral trauma.

Effect of artemisia burning products on antioxidant enzymes in serum of SAMP8 mouse / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the anti-aging effect of artemisia burning products (ie. smoke of moxibustion) and its proper intervention parameters.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to factorial experiment design, 70 SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into one model group (group M) and 6 intervention groups: low concentration with 15 min group (group A1), low concentration with 30 min group (group A2), middle concentration with 15 min group (group B1), middle concentration with 30 min group (group B2), high concentration with 15 min group (group C1), high concentration with 30 min group (group C1). There were 10 cases in each group. Ten age-matched SAMR1 mice were used as normal group (group Z). All the mice in the 6 intervention groups were fumed with artemisia burning products of different concentration and time. The content of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GSH-Px) were tested.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MDA content in group M was significantly higher than that in group Z (both P < 0.05), while SOD and GSH-Px activity were significantly lower in group M than that in group Z (both P < 0.05). Results of MDA, SOD and GSH-Px in 6 intervention groups were either of no statistically significant differences, or better than that in group M. Among 6 intervention groups, results of MDA and GSH-Px were better in group B1, while the result of SOD was better in group B2. Time factor didn't make any difference, while concentration of artemisia burning products is meaningful. As to SOD and GSH-Px, there's a strong interaction between the two factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With certain concentration and time period, the intervention of artemisia burning products can exert anti-aging effect by increasing antioxydative capability and reducing metabolites of free radicals. Middle concentration and 30 minutes are recommended when intervened with artemisia burning products.</p>

Hematopathologic features of T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the hematopathologic features of T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis of the clinical presentation, bone marrow morphology, immunophenotyping and T-cell receptor gene rearrangement status were performed in 19 patients with T-LGLL.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 19 patients, the most frequent hematological abnormalities were anemia and neutropenia (16/19 and 17/19 patients, respectively). Large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) were observed in 17 of 19 peripheral blood smears and 15 of 19 bone marrow aspirate specimens. Lymphocytosis (> 0.2) was present in 17 of 19 patients in their bone marrow aspirate specimens. Bone marrow biopsy specimens revealed lymphocytosis in 16 cases, with a mild to moderate increase of lymphocytes observed in 12 cases (12/16). The pattern of lymphoid distribution was interstitial in bone marrow sections. Intravascular distribution was seen in 8 cases. Lymphoid nodules were present in 4 cases. Flow cytometery showed an immunophenotype of CD3(+) CD4(-) CD8(+) CD56(-) CD57(+) of the tumor cells in 13 cases. Of the other 6 cases, the immunophenotypes included CD8(-) (1 case), CD56(+) (2 cases) and CD57(-) (3 cases). Immunohistochemistry showed CD3+ (10/10), CD57+ (3/3), CD8+ (6/7), TIA-1+ (6/7), granzyme B+ (4/7), perforin + (1/7), CD4- (4/4) and CD56- (9/9). Clonal T-cell receptor γ gene rearrangement by PCR was detected in 12 cases (12/17).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Hematopathologic features of most T-LGLL are distinct. Morphologic, immunophenotypic and molecular analysis of both peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens are essential and complementary in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of T-LGLL.</p>

The role of bone marrow pathology in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of refractory cytopenia of children / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of refractory cytopenia of children (RCC) according to WHO classification, and discuss the relationship between the cytology reviewed by hematologists and histology reviewed by pathologists.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We selected 50 non-severe aplastic anemia cases from 2007 - 2010 in our hospital and collected clinical data. Experienced hematologists and pathologists evaluated bone marrow biopsy and smear respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 50 cases, 23 were male and 27 female (M:F = 1:1.17), the median age at diagnosis was 9 years (ranged from 3 to 14 years). 5 patients had disagreement of diagnosis between hematologists and pathologists. In 3 cases hematologists diagnosed as aplastic anemia (AA) and pathologists as RCC, 2 cases vice versa. The final diagnoses of 50 patients reached consensus between hematologists and pathologists were AA 16 cases, RCC 34 cases including 8 refractory cytopenias with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD) cases. All 16 cases AA showed severe hypocellularity. Only 4 cases (25.00%) RCC showed severe hypocellularity, 19 cases (73.08%) RCC showed mild hypocellularity and 3 cases (11.54%) RCC were normal hypocellularity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our results suggests that RCC was not rare in China. The main feature of RCC was dysplasia because of absence of increased blast. RCC was easily confused with AA. The main points of differential were present dysplastic changes of megakaryocyte best appreciated by the hematologists and morphologists and abnormal location of hematopoietic easily observed by pathologists. Overall, cytology and histology were complementary in the investigation of RCC and AA, because of sometimes one might give information that not be given from the other.</p>